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Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.: The Political Biography of an American Dilemma, by Charles V. Hamilton
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In this authoritative biography of the congressman and civil rights activist Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., Prof. Hamilton reassesses the man's unique and complex place in American history. As the senior pastor of Harlem's Abyssinian Baptist Church, Powell led protests against segregation and discrimination during the Great Depression. Through persistent effort and skillful politicking, Powell was elected to Congress in 1944 and continued his efforts on behalf of blacks during the Truman and Eisenhower administrations. Following Kennedy's election, Powell gained the chairmanship of the House Committee on Education and Labor, but the remaining years of his life were filled with accusations, family problems, and the loss of his supporters. Drawing on extensive interviews and untapped archival material, Hamilton enriches the reader's understanding of Powell and the turbulent era in which he lived.
- Sales Rank: #1469145 in Books
- Color: White
- Brand: Brand: Cooper Square Press
- Published on: 2001-12-24
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.90" h x 1.23" w x 6.04" l, 1.67 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 576 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From Library Journal
Powell (1908-72) fused a complex mix of temperament and tactics into a discomforting, loud leadership of racial protest that insistently exposed the gap between American principle and performance, argues Hamilton. Probing Powell's rise and fall, Hamilton moves from the 1930s, when Powell became a New York City councilman, to his service starting in 1945 as a U.S. Representative, and then to his chairing of the House Education and Labor Committee, his expulsion from the House in 1967, and his defeat at the polls in 1970. Hamilton's able analysis of the unapologetic, openly arrogant champion of civil rights reflects the race issues of the day within a prism of political theory focused on the conflict of basic American values like majority rule and minority rights. This book is essential for any serious collection on black biography, civil rights, or political analysis. Highly recommended. Previewed in Prepub Alert, LJ 4/1/91.
- Thomas J. Davis, Univ. at Buffalo, N.Y.
Copyright 1991 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Kirkus Reviews
The first full-length biography--and likely the authoritative one for years to come--of the flamboyant black congressman who, as civil-rights gadfly and as libertine, exemplified the gap between our nation's ideals and practices that was given a name in Gunnar Myrdal's ``American Dilemma.'' Blessed with good looks, eloquence, and a bully pulpit (he succeeded his father as head of the Abyssinian Baptist Church, the nation's largest black congregation), Powell became ``Mr. Civil Rights'' in the pre-King era by combining agitation and electoral politics. As congressman from Harlem, Powell denounced racist southern colleagues and introduced the ``Powell Amendment'' to deny federal funds to projects or organizations that practiced discrimination. In 1960, he became chairman of the House Committee on Education and Labor, then the strongest position ever held by a black in the US government. Columbia Univ. political-science professor Hamilton (The Bench and the Ballot, 1973; The Black Preacher in America, 1972; Black Power, with Stokely Carmichael, not reviewed) also highlights how the Democratic politician became a thorn in the side of ally and foe alike. Powell was a maverick seldom bound by party (he endorsed Eisenhower for President), duty (a high absentee rate), or conventional morality. Inevitably, after an income-tax evasion trial, a suit filed by a Harlem resident he called a ``bag woman,'' and a European junket with two attractive female aides, Powell was stripped of his chairmanship by the House of Representatives despite his cry of double standards for white counterparts. Blending scholarship and ironic detachment, an admirably balanced treatment of a politician who provoked anything but objectivity during his Marion Barry-like career. (Thirty-five b&w photographs--not seen.) -- Copyright ©1991, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.
Review
A balanced and dynamic portrait of the controversial mid-century congressman from Harlem. (Publishers Weekly)
Blending scholarship and ironic detachment, an admirably balanced treatment of a politician who provoked anything but objectivity during his Marion Barry-like career. (Kirkus Reviews)
Captures the full range of an exciting man. (The New York Times)
Powell was a seminal figure, the first modern rogue civil rights leader, a maddening amalgam of morality and amorality, brilliance, and corruption. It is Hamilton's contention that Powell is a perfect lens through which to view the gap between America's human rights canon and its racial reality.... Hamilton has combed the congressman's papers and interviewed just about everyone still alive who was close to him. (New Republic)
Hamilton gives the reader a chance to live in Powells New York and , really. it would be anybody's kind of town. (Black Issues Book Review)
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By George E. Young, Sr.
Well written.
18 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
The Dark Side of Adam Clayton Powell
By C. Ellen Connally
Charles V. Hamilton calls his biography of Adam Clayton Powell, Jrs. THE POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY OF AN AMERICAN DILEMMA. The American dilemma that he refers to is Gunnar Myrdal's 1944 thesis. Myrdal concluded taht American society possess a strong belief in liberty, equality, respect for law and democracy but when it comes to blacks, those same values do not always apply. So the society says one thing and does another as it relates to blacks and other minorities. Hamilton argues that this "blatant contradiction in American society between the Creed and reality was constantly highlighted by white and black advocates of civil rights." In Adam Clayton Powell, Hamilton finds the personification of this dilemma. He asserts that Powell made that dilemma the main issue of his public life. As a result, Powell's constant attempts to raisse and challege America's dilemma is the theme that Hamilton uses to portray his subject.
For students of Powell who may have read Wil Haygood's KING OF THE CATS, Hamilton's portrayal is much different. As the title implies, Hamilton primarily sticks to the political side of Powell's career while Haygood presents a much more personal account of the preacher/congressman. While I came away from the Haygood work feeling attached and sympathetic of Powell, I came away from Hamilton's work realizing that Powell had an extremely dark side and that many of his problmes were self inflicted. In addiiton, for the serious students, Hamilton's footnotes are invaluable.
One of Hamilton's major arguments is that Powell endorsed Eisenhower in 1956 in the hopes of stopping further IRS and FBI investigations of his personal finances. He also makes it clear that Powell had access to the White House during the Eisenhower administration, something that he did not have with Truman. Of course, he had created his own persona non grata status with the Turman White House when he attempted to have his wife, Hazel Scott perform at the DAR hall in Washington. It seems that Powell was attempting to do another "Marian Anderson" event and failed. One can easily conclude that Powell enjoyed the access he had with Ike's staff and figured that Sstevenson was not going to win anyway, so Powell feathered his own nest. While he wanted the poublic to believe his endorsement was for the sake of Stevenson's poor stand on Civil Rights, it is more likely that Powell enjoyed and wanted to continue his access to power.
Hamilton relates how Powell threatened to expose Bayard Rustin and Martin Luther King for an alleged homosexual relationship in order to force them to call off a demonstration at the Republican National Convention in 1960. Powell knew full well the accusations were false but the blackmail served his purpose.
In 1966 Powell scuttled an attempt by James Farmer of CORE to establish a national literacy project. Hamilton argues that in return, Powell hoped to be given White House assistance in having his New York libel judgment reduced.
As does Haygood, and Powell himself in his autobiography ADAM BY ADAM, Hamilton demonstrates how Powell made one of the worse decisions of his life in ignoring the libel suit brought against him by a New York woman that he referred to as a "bag woman." The eventual legal repercussions from the law suit (Powell refused to even show up at the trial) along with Ppowell's flagrant disregard for his congressional duties, excessive spending of congressional funds and egotistical and sometimes hedonistic life style all conributed to his demise. And when he needed the support of other civil rights leaders, who who had been victims of his wrath while he ws in power, they where not there for him as his power wained.
As the sage progresess and Powell gets closer and closer to the time that Congress refuses to seat him, the reader realizes that when Powell pointed the finger of racism at his attackers, as the old saying goes, he was pointing four fingers back at himself.
Oscar DePriest was the first black person elected to Congress in the 20th Century. But Powell was really the first black congressman that African Americans nationwide identified with. He came to congress driving a Jaguar in 1944, wearing $500 suits and looking like a movie star. He became the voice of Black America in congress, especially in the area of desegregation of the military. But his Powell Amendment had its good sides and its bad. While it raised the issue of unequal treatment, it also resulted in the defeat of legislation that would have been beneficial to Black America.
Powell's final demise was no doubt self inflictd. In the final years of his career he midjudged the reapportionment process allowing for a change in his district. Times change and voters change and eventually his base of support eroded. His religious base eroded. With his life syle it seems hard to imagine that he could be identified with the church. Harlem residents realized tht they needed a congressman, not an aging symbol of the past fishing in Bimini. As Hamilton points out, if Powell had fought before for final election defeat as much as he did after the defeat in attempts to get recounts and court battles over the election, he probably would have won.
Adam Clayton Powell died in 1972. It took almost 20 years for historians to write serious biographies of his life. Hamilton's contribution is excellent and well worth the read, not only for the life of Adam Clayton Powell, but for a history of America during the 20th century.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Influential political person with celebrity showmanship status
By HRH Victoria IIR
He came from a very conservative background with strong ancestral roots. His parents & formative years plus his father's connections in the community & church helped launch him into his own career starting almost at the top. The sound reputation of Mr. Adam Powell Sr. & the esteem that his parishioners held for him contributed to the success of his son who was less than
orthodox in his private life. Unfortunately parts of the book were missing so it's hard to come up with 100% of the story.
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